Social Implications of the Computer Revolution Research Proposal

Social Implications of the Computer Revolution - Research Proposal Example Guglielmo studied in Italy in the lab of Augusto Righi. He also studied in Florence and at a later part in his life in Livorno. Guglielmo never did well as far as his studies were concerned. He was a member of the Anglican Church and he was Catholic who was baptized. Guglielmo was involved in a scandal called the Italian Navy Coherer Scandal; it is believed that he stole the work of Jagadish Chandra Bose an Indian who is very renowned for his contribution in the field of Science. This happened because Jagadish Chandra Bose’s work could not be accepted because of the British rule, the British Administration made sure that his work never got published and it is very strongly believed that Guglielmo stole the work of Jagdish and came to the limelight. Guglielmo had a keen interest in Science and especially in Electricity right from the early years. During the time of Guglielmo, the invention of the electromagnetic waves took place and this was invented by Heinrich Hertz. The deat h of Hertz threw more light upon his discoveries this further intrigued Guglielmo, Guglielmo got very motivated and decided to invent something unseen by the world. He conducted experiments by setting up his own devices and material required to carry out the experiment. His main goal was to use radio waves to create wireless telegraphy. This meant that the transmission of the wireless messages got across without using any wires. The Development of the Invention This was not a new subject Guglielmo was working on, research had been already done on this subject, and he just utilized whatever was researched about the subject. Guglielmo used many important parts in this experiment, parts like oscillator, spark-producing radio transmitters, a telegraph key were used in his experiments. Other researchers also used the spark- Gap transmitters but they could not get the transmission to cover a long range, the transmission usually covered a few hundred meters. The case was no different for G uglielmo; he also got limited transmission when he first attempted the experiment. But at a later stage he experimented outdoors, he increased the length of the transmitter and the radio antenna this resulted in a very big success. The transmission improved drastically and he was able to transmit signals with a range of roughly about 1.5 kilometers. He concluded that the required funding to invent a device which could take this forward. He believed that this experiment will be very useful if it becomes an invention to the military personnel’s as they would be able to transmit signals easily. When he was close to inventing what he dreamt of all his life, he realized that Italy was not the right place to be in. He moved to London along with his Mother at the age of 21 to pursue the invention. 1897 was the year when Guglielmo sent the first ever wireless communication and this was done over Sea. The approximate distance covered by the signal was about 6 kilometers; the message w hich he sent read â€Å"Are you ready†. This was a good enough invention to receive international attention; this work quickly caught the eye of the international people associated with the same field. â€Å"Marconi sailed to the United States at the invitation of the New York Herald newspaper to cover the America's Cup races off Sandy Hook, NJ.  

Looking At The Subtleties Of Language English Language Essay

Looking At The Subtleties Of Language English Language Essay Have you ever read a poem and realized that a word has a meaning other than the literal meaning? Thats because words can have both denotative and connotative meanings. A denotative meaning is a words literal meaning. Its the definition you find in the dictionary. Connotation, on the other hand, is the association people tend to make with a certain word. A words connotative meaning often evokes an emotional response. The denotative and connotative meanings of words coexist. Think about the word snake. The denotative meaning is a reptile that typically has a long body, no limbs, fused eyelids, and a jaw that can expand to swallow large prey. Connotatively, snake means a deceitful, untrustworthy, or dangerous person. Even simple everyday words carry connotations. Think about the words home and house. The words may mean the same thing, but they have different connotations. House, meaning a structure where people can live, carries little or no emotional connotation. Home, a place where a family comes together, has a warmer, friendlier connotation. The connotative meanings of words can change over time. The word democrat, which now means a system of government by the people, used to have a negative connotation. It meant a prejudiced politician or leader. The word guy is now just a synonym for man. But back in the seventeenth century, the word guy referred to a grotesque person. This connotation came from Guy Guido Fawkes, who plotted to blow up the English Houses of Parliament. On November 5, 1605, the English burned a grotesque effigy of him, which was called a guy. Can you think of other words that have changed meaning over time? SCREEN 2 Word choice and context determine whether the connotation of a word is positive, neutral, or negative. For example, saying that someone is headstrong is neutral, as it is without judgment. Saying that a person is really determined has a positive connotation, while saying that a person is very stubborn is negative. Consider the words youd use to describe a project. Saying that the work is really challenging has a positive connotation, while saying that it is really difficult has a negative connotation. Similarly, a word can have different connotations depending on the context its used in. Think about the word genius, which means someone who is brilliant. It has a positive connotation, such as describing Robert Frost as a poetic genius. But genius also can have a negative connotation. Have you ever sarcastically called a friend who did something really foolish a genius? Lesson Activity Self-Checked Read more about denotative and connotative meanings of words. Then complete the Shades of Meaning table in the Lesson Activities. SCREEN 3 Denotation and Connotation in Poetry The French mathematician and philosopher Blaise Pascal said, Words differently arranged have a different meaning, and meanings differently arranged have a different effect. This saying holds true for poets, who often use both denotative and connotative meanings to add to a poems meaning. To achieve this, poets employ figurative language, such as simile, metaphor, symbolism, imagery, irony, and transferred epithet. Read Robert Burnss poem A Red, Red Rose to see how he uses simile to convey connotations of love. He compares his love to a red rose in the line, O my Luves like a red, red rose. Here, the word rose has connotations of delicacy and beauty. The word red connotes the passion he feels about his beloved. Burns also compares his love to a melody, O my Luves like the melodie, where the word melodie connotes his loves sweetness and harmony. SCREEN 4 Robert Frosts poems are also rich in connotation. Read or listen to Mending Wall, which is about two neighbors walking along the wall that separates their properties and replacing the loose stones. The neighbors were getting to know one another, but have started putting up defenses, which comes through in the lines: And on a day we meet to walk the line And set the wall between us once again. We keep the wall between us as we go. Denotatively, the wall is a boundary that separates properties, but it has a negative connotation of being a boundary between people. The negative connotation comes through using the words savage and darkness to refer to the neighbor who insists on the barrier: In each hand, like an old-stone savage armed. He moves in darkness as it seems to me Lesson Activity Self-Checked In the Mending Wall section of the Lesson Activities, write a 100- to 150-word essay about connotative meanings that you identify in Frosts Mending Wall. SCREEN 5 Like Mending Wall, Frosts Desert Places uses words rich in connotative meanings. Read Desert Places to see how Frost combines loaded words with transferred epithet in this poem. Consider the word benighted as it describes the snow in the line, A blanker whiteness of benighted snow. While benighted literally means nightfall or being overtaken by darkness, the word has the negative connotation of doubt, which relates to the speakers feelings of being hopeless and alone in the world. The vast emptiness of the landscape reflects the speakers loneliness. Frost also uses different denotative meanings of the word desert. In this poem, desert means a sandy barren area and it also means to abandon or leave behind. These meanings show that the speaker feels abandoned and lonely. SCREEN 6 Twentieth-century American poet Elizabeth Bishop was known for her use of detailed imagery and wit. Her poem The Fish is rich in denotation and connotation. At first glance, this poem is about how the speaker caught a fish and, after some consideration, let it go. The poet describes the fish as tremendous because the word tremendous has the connotation that the fish was not only large but also wonderful. Its a fish that has been through a lot and fought for survival. The rainbow that appears at the end of the poem has biblical connotations. It is reminiscent of the rainbow that appeared when Noahs animal-filled ark reached safety: à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬until everything was rainbow, rainbow, rainbow! And I let the fish go. The speaker makes a moral decision to let the fish live. Lesson Activity Teacher-Graded Read Elizabeth Bishops The Fish and then write a 250- to 300-word essay in the Lesson Activities about the use of denotation and connotation in the poem. Explain what denotation and connotation add to the poem and how they affect its meaning. SCREEN 7 Like Frost and Bishop, Ezra Pound is another twentieth-century American poet. Read Pounds In a Station of the Metro to see how he uses different connotative meanings in this two-line poem. In this poem, the poet uses the word apparition to describe the crowds of people at a metro station. The denotative meaning of the word apparition is the supernatural appearance of someone or something. Used connotatively, it evokes images of ghosts and the spiritual world and, in that context, death. When the poet goes on to compare the faces to petals on a black bough, it reinforces the idea that the crowds at the station make him think about death and mortality, because the word black has the negative connotations of death and funerals. Lesson Activity Teacher-Graded In the Writing Connotative Poetry section of the Lesson Activities, write a short poem that has at least two rich, connotative words. Explain how the emotional or historical uses of your word choices influence the meaning of your poem. SCREEN 8 Throughout the ages, poets have used connotation to add to the meaning of their poems. Read Emily Dickinsons poem There Is No Frigate like a Book to see how she compares books to means of transportation to show that a book can take people to faraway lands. In this poem, Dickinson compares a book to a frigate, which is a nineteenth-century ship propelled by sails and oars. She also compares a book to a courser (a spirited horse) and a chariot. The meaning of this poem is best understood when you consider the historical context of the words frigate, courser, and chariot. These now-outdated modes of transportation were considered grand in the nineteenth century. The poet, writing in the context of her time, lends books an air of romance, pomp, and grandiosity. Now examine the meaning of frugal in these lines from the poem: How frugal is the Chariot That bears the Human soul. Dickinson uses frugal, with its positive connotation of being economical, to convey that traveling through reading books is inexpensive and accessible to everyone. Lesson Activity Self-Checked Identify five words from Dickinsons There Is No Frigate like a Book that help convey how the poet feels about books. Write the words in the table in the Lesson Activities, along with their definitions, connotative meanings, and some synonyms. Then replace the five words from the poem with synonyms that have a different connotation. Notice how the changes alter the poems attitude. SCREEN 9 African American poet Langston Hughes uses connotation to express how he feels about the plight of African Americans in twentieth-century America. Read Hughess Will V-Day Be Me Day Too? In this poem about the African American struggle for civil rights, he compares the condition of African American soldiers to that of Jews in Europe during World War II. Hughes uses words that have connotations of equality to highlight the predicament of African Americans. Consider his use of the word uniform, which means both same and a distinctive outfit worn by members of a group, in this case U.S. soldiers. Hughes uses this word ironically because racial segregation was still rampant in the United States during World War II. So although the army uniform was a standard outfit for all U.S. soldiers, it didnt make the wearers uniform, or equal. Hughes also uses the word connotatively. A uniform is not just an outfit for soldiers but a symbol of national pride and loyalty to ones country, as depicted in the lines: I am a Negro American Out to defend my land Army, Navy, Air Corps Even though African Americans donned the army uniform and fought side by side with other races, their honorable service did not ensure acceptance and safety for them, as these lines suggest: When I take off my uniform Will I be safe from harmà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ SCREEN 10 Like other great poets who use shades of meaning in their poems, William Shakespeares poetry is rich in connotative meanings. Read Shakespeares Sonnet 138, which is a lovers lament that his beloved doesnt take him seriously because hes young. Look at how Shakespeare uses the word lies in the line, I do believe her, though I know she lies. Here, the word lies has negative connotations. Not only is the speakers beloved dishonest, she is also unfaithful, as she lies down with other men. This can be derived from the sonnets first line When my love swears that she is made of truth, wherein the speakers love is claiming to be faithful but he doesnt believe her. The word vainly also has negative connotations in the line Thus vainly thinking that she thinks me young. The poets mistress is proud of her own maturity but thinks the speaker as immature, while he tries unsuccessfully to make her think otherwise. Lesson Activity Teacher-Graded Explore the nuances of the words used in Shakespearean sonnets. Choose one sonnet from the collection of Shakespearean sonnets. Go to the Lesson Activities to chart examples of denotative and connotative language used and describe their effect. SCREEN 11 Summary Poets often use denotative and various connotative meanings of words to add to their poems meaning and depth. Recall that denotation is the literal dictionary definition of a word while connotation is the association people have with a word or the emotional response that a word evokes. Since connotations change over time, it is important to consider the contextà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬whether historical or culturalà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬of a poets words to understand what the poet is truly trying to say. Poets also make use of figurative language, such as simile, metaphor, symbolism, imagery, irony, and transferred epithet, to add to the denotations and connotations of the words they use.

Is Violence in Pursuit of Happiness Justified? Essay -- Civil Disobedi

How are the people, oppressed by others and by the government, supposed to react? Certainly, they do not enjoy being treated unjustly, however, they should still obey the laws. Is it to the laws of the land that command total submission or to his convictions by which he is convinced that the system is totally unjust? Therefore, how should citizens defend their liberties, without using violence or disobeying the law, if they think it’s unjust? If an individual obeys the law, he would automatically be thought of supporting the unjust system but in case he does not, he would be accused of disobeying the law. There are various controversies about whether violence is justified when liberty is threatened. Throughout history, people have had numbers of arguments on this topic. Civil disobedience is usually thought to be an â€Å"illegal activity undertaken to protest laws that are regarded as unjust† (Schlesinger). In order to eliminate injustice, or at least the most unjust law in the system , people may start disobeying that particular law. Thoreau, Gandhi, and King each were closely related on the concept of civil disobedience, they all thought that the government was in need of fundamental transformation. However, they did support the non-violence movements. I would not say that this was very pretentious--their resort to nonviolence did reflect their morality and religious judgements ,but this is not accurate enough to work one hundred percent. Some people think of civil disobedience as something that must be limited, no one knows to what extent or degree, civil disobedience is always in search of limits. The tactic for violation of rights should be openness, because stimulated public is the purpose of civil disobedience. Unjust law... ... and Education, Sept. 2010. Web. 11 Nov. 2010. . "Lesson 3 :: Non-Violence and Mass Civil Disobedience  « Dr. Martin Luther King Jr." Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Web. 16 Nov. 2010. "Martin Luther King: The Philosophy of Nonviolent Resistance." Suite101.com: Online Magazine and Writers' Network. Web. 16 Nov. 2010. . "The Power of Non-violence by Martin Luther King, Jr." TeachingAmericanHistory.org -- Free Seminars and Summer Institutes for Social Studies Teachers. Web. 16 Nov. 2010. . Simkin, John. "Malcolm X." Spartacus Educational - Home Page. Web. 16 Nov. 2010. . Is Violence in Pursuit of Happiness Justified? Essay -- Civil Disobedi How are the people, oppressed by others and by the government, supposed to react? Certainly, they do not enjoy being treated unjustly, however, they should still obey the laws. Is it to the laws of the land that command total submission or to his convictions by which he is convinced that the system is totally unjust? Therefore, how should citizens defend their liberties, without using violence or disobeying the law, if they think it’s unjust? If an individual obeys the law, he would automatically be thought of supporting the unjust system but in case he does not, he would be accused of disobeying the law. There are various controversies about whether violence is justified when liberty is threatened. Throughout history, people have had numbers of arguments on this topic. Civil disobedience is usually thought to be an â€Å"illegal activity undertaken to protest laws that are regarded as unjust† (Schlesinger). In order to eliminate injustice, or at least the most unjust law in the system , people may start disobeying that particular law. Thoreau, Gandhi, and King each were closely related on the concept of civil disobedience, they all thought that the government was in need of fundamental transformation. However, they did support the non-violence movements. I would not say that this was very pretentious--their resort to nonviolence did reflect their morality and religious judgements ,but this is not accurate enough to work one hundred percent. Some people think of civil disobedience as something that must be limited, no one knows to what extent or degree, civil disobedience is always in search of limits. The tactic for violation of rights should be openness, because stimulated public is the purpose of civil disobedience. Unjust law... ... and Education, Sept. 2010. Web. 11 Nov. 2010. . "Lesson 3 :: Non-Violence and Mass Civil Disobedience  « Dr. Martin Luther King Jr." Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Web. 16 Nov. 2010. "Martin Luther King: The Philosophy of Nonviolent Resistance." Suite101.com: Online Magazine and Writers' Network. Web. 16 Nov. 2010. . "The Power of Non-violence by Martin Luther King, Jr." TeachingAmericanHistory.org -- Free Seminars and Summer Institutes for Social Studies Teachers. Web. 16 Nov. 2010. . Simkin, John. "Malcolm X." Spartacus Educational - Home Page. Web. 16 Nov. 2010. .

Barcelona Olympics

When Barcelona was selected to host the 1 992 Summer Olympics, the city (as well as Catalonia and Especial as a whole) welcomed the incredible opportunity. In addition to the obvious nationalist pride and international recognition hosting the games entails, their excitement was also fueled by the potential that the opportunity represented. As the International Olympic Committee explains in their â€Å"Factories – Legacies of the Games,† recent Olympic games have resulted in â€Å"long lasting legacies for their citizens,† with many cities utilizing the games as a â€Å"catalyst for urban renewal† (International 013).This was indeed the case for Barcelona, which became almost a new city entirely between 1 986 (upon first being selected) and the Opening Ceremonies. Overall, the effects of the 1 992 Barcelona Summer Olympics can be seen in three main areas: the city's economy, the culture and international perception Of Barcelona abroad, and the city's urban development. Overall, ?6. 7 billion were spent on the games, most of which was spent on improving infrastructure. Overall, the city reaped a profit of ?7. 2 million from the games themselves (Flyleaves 2012).The long-lasting economic effects and cagey, however, have been much more significant. For example, the Barcelona Organizing Committee invested ?2 billion in constructing and improving four main sporting venues. Today, these venues welcome nearly 1 people each year for various conferences, concerts, and sporting events and they support nearly 450 permanent jobs (International 2013). In terms of specific areas of economic development, immediately upon their nomination, unemployment underwent a dramatic fall, the housing market boomed, and the construction industry expanded at an exponential rate.The Barcelona Olympics were also unique economically, in that Barcelona was able to sustain this economic growth for decades to come. In fact, until the recent recession that affected mos t of Western Europe, the city recorded growth in every economic indicator: employment, investment, and new construction. Thus, not only did Barcelona benefit at the time from the games, â€Å"it succeeded in maintaining the growth generated, on a scale never seen before† (Acid 2002).In terms of employment, Barcelona unemployment rate was cut in half from 18. 4% to 9. 6%. Not only was employment provided during the preparation and the games themselves, but nearly 20,000 permanent jobs ere created due to Olympic-related investment in infrastructure and facilities (Acid 2002). In terms of investment, one-third of the event was funded by the private sector and a third of this was with foreign capital. Private investment focused predominately on the construction of housing hotels, and business centers.The rationale for this private investment was the expectation of improvement in the city's level of attractiveness for conducting foreign business and attracting future foreign inves tment. Finally, in terms Of new construction, the sector multiplied by nearly 3. 5 times, despite the fact hat Barcelona building potential was already quite exploited (Acid 2002). One final area of economic development was in tourism. Between 1986 and 2014, Barcelona hotel capacity increased threefold and the number of visitors from abroad increased by sevenfold, reaching 7. Million visitors a year. In this regard, Barcelona legacy has been more â€Å"intense and sustained than that of any other modern host city' (Acid 2002). Therefore, the Barcelona Olympics have become an economic model for present-day Olympics – an exceptional performance by a city with an extraordinary and sustained opacity to ride the â€Å"Olympic wave† (Taylor 2012). The reasons for this dramatic increase in tourism are a direct result of the second broad area of change experienced by Barcelona as a result of the games.Throughout the games and opening and closing ceremonies, Barcelona put on a large promotional show, highlighting the culture of Barcelona almost more so than the rest of Spain as a whole. As a result, the games â€Å"changed the way people thought of Barcelona† (Taylor 2012). Between 1 990 and 2001, the city went from being the 1 lath â€Å"Best City in Europe† to the 6th and is now rated the 12th most popular destination for rigorists in the world, twenty years after the games. More than simply presenting the culture that already existed (Steelers, flamenco, etc. , Barcelona did a bit of lying and presented a somewhat contrived culture. For example, the games were heavily sponsored by Estella Adam and Don Simon, producers of beer and sangria respectively. So, despite the fact that Barcelona is not known for its beer and that sangria is not actually popular for the locals here, the international community was presented a clear relationship between these two brands and the city. Nowadays, bars in the United States boast selections of â€Å"Sp anish beer and Anglia,† leading international tourists to equate these with the culture of Spain and Barcelona.Because so many tourists began to request these when they traveled to Barcelona, things have come full circle and many local bars now advertise their sangria and â€Å"typical Barcelona beers. † As Adam Taylor of Business Insider explains, â€Å"Nowadays we think of the Spanish city as a land of palm trees, sand, and sangria but its easy to forget that before the games in 1 992, it was a much different place† (Taylor 2012). In fact, none of the palm trees in Barcelona are native to the city – most of them were planted in the six ears between the announcement of Barcelona as the host city and the actual games.One final cultural development of note, the Olympics helped transform Spain into a â€Å"sporting juggernaut,† with world-class athletes in soccer, basketball, cycling, and tennis. Many assert this is a direct result of investment in sp orting facilities and training before and after the Olympics (Barr 2012). As Spanish sportswriter Juan Jose Paradise explains, â€Å"the Barcelona Olympics put the Spanish flair for sport and drama on international display† (Barr 2012).Nowadays, the names Real Madrid and FCC Barcelona re synonymous with prestige and glory in a way that could not have been imagined before the games. This interest in sport has translated at an interpersonal level as well. According to the International Olympic Committee, the increase in the proportion of the population doing some kind of physical activity at least once a week increased from 36% in 1 983 to 51% in 1 995 and women's participation in organized sports increased 10% nationwide during the same period (International 2013).One final area of development for Barcelona before, during, and after the Olympics is in the urban renewal that took place. Most significantly, Barcelona today is characterized strongly by its beachfront. However, th e city did not really have a beach before. Rather, the Barcelona Olympic Committee created two miles of beachfront and a modern marina by demolishing industrial buildings on the waterfront before the games (Taylor 2012). For the city, the Olympics represented a significant effort to restructure.

How to Watch Your Brother Die Essay

The poem How to Watch Your Brother Die is a clear representation of the struggles of the homosexual community and how the outside world views them. The author recreates a situation in which a man is struggling with the death of his gay brother and learns the everyday trials he faced. The poem is told in first person so the readers can see firsthand what the straight brother is thinking. It has been a long time since he exiled his brother for being gay and gets the phone call that he is dying. (2-3) He is dreading flying to California and meeting the lover. (8-9). He symbolizes the fact that he has to keep a straight face and keep the emotions out of it. (10-11) He is very uncomfortable with the sexual orientation of his brother and cannot comprehend how a man can look at another man with love. (14-17) Reality sets in and he remembers his brother and the love they had for each other before the conflict with his brothers’ sexual interest. He misses those times deeply. (18-24) He tries to relate to the lover even though he doesn’t know how. He brought up the fact that the lover was an extremely good looking man but yet all he wants to see is his reaction. At this point he is just trying to understand how a man can love another man. This is a question that has puzzled him for a while. He finally gets his answer when the lover explains that it is just like the love between a husband and a wife but deeper because the odds are greater. He still doesn’t understand. (25-39) They drive into Mexico to acquire drugs that are not legal in the U. S. This is where he finally realizes the challenges that his brother has faced. They are stopped by border control and are told they cannot bring the drugs back. As he rages with anger he thinks about his children getting used to another mans hatred. (40-52) This is the climax of the poem. Society has made it difficult for people of same sex relationships to be able to coexist in today’s world without feeling exiled. He realizes he is one of the ones that judge them. He calls his wife to update her on the status of his brothers’ health. He asks her â€Å"How could anyone’s commitment be deeper than a husband and wife? † She is disgusted by his question and does not answer. The brother slips into a coma and his time is almost up. The man is trying to stay strong and understanding as he holds the lover. He still cannot understand how a man can hold another man, as he grieves for his brother. (59-68) The funeral director tells him that he cannot embalm the body for fear of contamination. The man feels anger and hatred towards him. This symbolizes the fact that homosexuals are always covered up, having to hide per say, from showing who they really are. The man now understands what struggles his brother went through in life. As the man stands by the casket and greets the hundreds of homosexuals that pass by the show their respects. He realizes his brother’s life is much different from his own. Everything he thought was normal perhaps was not normal for everyone. As the passing lovers ask each other â€Å"Who will be next† we understand that the brother died from AIDS. (74-83) As the man is driven to the airport from the lover he finally gets the closer he needs. The lover tells him â€Å"Forgive yourself for not wanting to know him after he told you. He did†. As he found this closer he learned to accept the lover for who he was. A man who loved and took care of his brother the way he should have. (84-98) One the way home the man has a few drinks. This symbolizes the cliche of men being strong and keeping everything inside hidden. He strokes the scar on his eyebrow and smiles. He knows that his brother is in a better place and has forgiven him. He thinks of his children and not wanting to make the same mistakes with them as he did with his brother.