Multicultural Issues in Counseling Essay Example for Free

Multicultural Issues in Counseling Essay In the field of advising and brain research, it is consistently vital that the instructor comprehends the issue that the patient is confronting. This is on the grounds that, this patient is seeking help since the person isn't in a situation to do his exercises right. Hence for this situation it is important that the supervisee and for this situation Ann has all the traits that are required as this is the main way that she will have the option to help Donald. As Barratt, E. et al, (1997) in their exploration discovered, it requires a decent compatibility between the advisor and the patient for the patient to get significant treatment or help. This isn't the situation here as Donald is continually griping that Ann isn't giving him enough consideration. In genuine sense, it is the messed up compatibility that exists between them that is the issue. In the substance of my casual appraisal of Ann’s multicultural guiding abilities, I would plainly demonstrate that Ann does not have the essential and vital aptitudes that are fundamental for an advisor to execute their obligations. I comprehend that the principle purpose behind this is where Ann has developed. She has experienced childhood in a zone where there are no blended races. This created in her restricted socialization abilities when managing individuals. This is her new cooperation with an individual from an alternate race and because of this; it turns out to be exceptionally hard for her to manage the patient. As Gladwell, (2007) contends, it requires a guide to have great correspondence and socialization abilities so the individual can have the option to help a patient. What's more, the instructor ought to comprehend that the patient isn't in the correct mood. The advocate ought not give the remarks that the patient gives a similar load as the manner in which the person in question would if the individual was in the correct outlook. These are a portion of the essential characteristics, which Ann needs, and I would remember this for my casual evaluation report. As per Dinn, W. et al, (2000), measuring the degree of mindfulness has its premise on how well one executes the obligations doled out to the person in question. For this situation, Donald is griping that he is needs fitting consideration and along these lines he is thinking about on halting treatment. Then again, Ann is guaranteeing that she has done all that she could so to support the patient. This is an unmistakable sign that Ann is surrendering. The patient is as of now miserable and the specialist or the guide can just restore his expectation. In the event that the guide loses trust, it implies that there is zero chance of recuperating. It is likewise an away from of absence of duty and goal by the instructor. The degree of Ann’s mindfulness is in this manner low. The explanation is that she isn't completely mindful that she is the instructor and that the patient actually needs her help. She appears to overlook her job in the entire procedure, which is to enable the patient to recuperate. Furthermore, Ann is whining that Donald is over-reliant on her. She completely comprehends that Donald is experiencing Schizophrenia and reliance is normal. This is an unmistakable sign that Ann happen to have constrained information on the suitable treatment intercessions. For example, it would be preposterous for a specialist to whine that the person is experiencing a great deal of blood when the person in question completely realizes that this will be unavoidable. On the off chance that we get such a protest, it is a reasonable sign that the individual has no or constrained information on what he is doing and what he should do. This is the situation occurring with Ann. Simultaneously, Ann is grumbling of not having a decent correspondence with the patient since he experiences issues communicating in English. As she was brought up in just a single district, there are chances that she didn't have great socialization and relational abilities and most likely the issue isn't the English yet the entrance which she is experiencing issues understanding. Taking everything into account, in my casual evaluation, I would plainly demonstrate that the issue here isn't the patient however Ann. She appears to come up short on the essential qualities of an advisor. A decent advisor ought to be dynamic in all the exercises that the individual in question is doing. He ought not utilize an all inclusive stage to treat their patients. He should take every patient independently, get that person and receive an appropriate strategy in treatment. This is something that Ann needs to enhance. She additionally needs presentation as she has almost no involvement with managing individuals. For example, she has restricted if any information and involvement in the African-American culture and this is ascribed to the manner in which she was raised. ? References Barratt, E. et al. (1997). Neuropsychological Cognitive Psychophysiological Substrates of Impulsive Aggression. Organic Psychiatry , 1045-60. Dinn, W. et al. (2000). Neurocognitive Function in Antisocial Personality Disorder. Psychiatry Research , 173-92. Gladwell, M. (2007). Flicker: Power of Thinking Without Thinking . Irwin: Back Bay Books .

Attacking Child Poverty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Assaulting Child Poverty - Essay Example 1). Marshall proposes that the USA overlooks the issue of youth destitution while reporting its financial accomplishments, and when contrasting these accomplishments with other industrialist countries. In any case, the quickly expanding pace of youth neediness in the USA is breaking with generalizations of the circumstance. For instance, paying little mind to ethnicity, White, Black and Latino figures are expanding at a comparative rate (Sherman, , p.2). Additionally, there gives off an impression of being more rate of youth destitution among rural and country youngsters than those in metropolitan regions (Sherman, ). The postulation articulation for this paper is: Child government assistance arrangements are obsolete coming up short on a professional social way to deal with forestall neediness. This paper will introduce a union of articles that study arrangements focusing on youth neediness, and will give an investigation of those approaches and the suggestions set forward by the articles. Right off the bat, a meaning of destitution will be introduced. Furthermore, USA approaches planned for stopping youth destitution will be surveyed. Next, proposals to change the circumstance of youth neediness the will be laid out and assessed. At last, an end will show how this survey and evaluate has addressed the postulation articulation. The meaning of neediness as chose by the legislature of the USA is set by the Census Bureau and thinks about the pay of families with kids and their size, with changes for purchaser swelling (Sherman, ). For instance, a group of four is accepted to be living in neediness if the family pay is under $14 335 every year; for a group of two their salary would should be not exactly $ 9 137 every year to be thought of as living in destitution (Sherman, , p. 1). Consequently, other industrialized countries seem to have less separation between their financial classes and this empowers their poor to keep up a better quality of living when contrasted with those in destitution in the USA. The kid government assistance framework seems to need

Spring Transfer Final Transcript Updates - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Spring Transfer Final Transcript Updates - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Spring Transfer Final Transcript Updates We have now started reviewing spring transfer applications. We cannot guess when an applicants decision will be available. Applications are processed in the order in which they are completed. We are also now caught up with posting final college coursework for incoming students. If you have recently submitted a final transcript, your coursework should be posted within a few business days after we receive it (you can see if we have received an updated transcript on your myStatus). There are still about 500 incoming first year students who have not submitted a final high school transcript. If you have not done so at this time, please submit your final transcript as soon as possible! Go Dawgs!

Biography of William Lloyd Garrison, Abolitionist

William Lloyd Garrison (December 10, 1805–May 24, 1879) was one of the most prominent American abolitionists and was both admired and vilified for his unwavering opposition to slavery in America. As the publisher of The Liberator, a fiery antislavery newspaper, Garrison was at the forefront of the crusade against slavery from the 1830s until he felt the issue had been settled by the passage of the 13th Amendment following the Civil War. Fast Facts: William Lloyd Garrison Known For: Abolitionist crusaderBorn: December 10, 1805 in Newburyport, MassachusettsParents: Frances Maria Lloyd and Abijah GarrisonDied: May 24, 1879 in New York CityPublished Works: Publisher of The Liberator, an abolitionist newspaperAwards and Honors: Boston has a statue of Garrison on Commonwealth Avenue. The Museum of African American History’s â€Å"Living Legends Awards†Ã‚  recipients are given a replica of a silver cup that was presented to William Lloyd Garrison in 1833 by black community leaders. Garrison has a  feast day  (Dec. 17) on the  liturgical calendar of the Episcopal Church.Spouse: Helen Eliza Benson (m. Sept. 4, 1834–Jan.25, 1876)Children: George Thompson,  William Lloyd Garrison Sr.,  Wendall Phillips,  Helen Frances (Garrison) Villard,  Francis Jackson.Notable Quote: If the State cannot survive the antislavery agitation, then let the State perish. If the Church must be cast down by the strugglings of Humanity to be free, the n let the Church fall and its fragments be scattered to the four winds of Heaven, never more to curse the earth. Early Life and Career William Lloyd Garrison was born to a very poor family in Newburyport, Massachusetts, on Dec. 10, 1805. His father deserted the family when Garrison was 3 years old, and his mother and his two siblings lived in poverty. After receiving a very limited education, Garrison worked as an apprentice in various trades, including shoemaker and cabinet maker. He wound up working for a printer and learned the trade, becoming the printer and editor of a local newspaper in Newburyport. After an effort to operate his own newspaper failed, Garrison moved to Boston, where he worked in print shops and became involved in social causes, including the temperance movement. Garrison, who tended to see life as a struggle against sin, began to find his voice as the editor of a temperance newspaper in the late 1820s. Garrison met Benjamin Lundy, a Quaker who edited a Baltimore-based antislavery newspaper, The Genius of Emancipation. Following the election of 1828, during which Garrison worked on a newspaper that supported Andrew Jackson, he moved to Baltimore and began working with Lundy. In 1830, Garrison got into trouble when he was sued for libel and refused to pay a fine. He served 44 days in the Baltimore city jail. While he earned a reputation for courting controversy, in his personal life Garrison was quiet and extremely polite. He married in 1834 and he and his wife had seven children, five of whom survived to adulthood. Publishing The Liberator In his earliest involvement in the abolitionist cause, Garrison supported the idea of colonization, a proposed ending of slavery by returning slaves in American to Africa. The American Colonization Society was a fairly prominent organization dedicated to that concept. Garrison soon rejected the idea of colonization, and split with Lundy and his newspaper. Striking out on his own, Garrison launched The Liberator, a Boston-based abolitionist newspaper. On Jan. 11, 1831, a brief article in a New England newspaper, the Rhode Island American and Gazette, announced the new venture while praising Garrisons reputation: Mr. Wm. L. Garrison, indefatigable and honest advocate of the abolition of slavery, who has suffered more for conscience sake and independence than any man in modern times, has established a newspaper in Boston, called the Liberator. Two months later, on March 15, 1831, the same newspaper reported on the early issues of The Liberator, noting Garrisons rejection of the idea of colonization: Mr. Wm. Lloyd Garrison, who has suffered much persecution in his efforts to promote the abolition of Slavery, has commenced a new weekly paper in Boston, called the Liberator. We perceive he is extremely hostile to the American Colonization Society, a measure we have been inclined to regard as one of the best means of effecting the gradual abolition of slavery. The blacks in New York and Boston have held numerous meetings and denounced the colonization society. Their proceedings are published in the Liberator. Garrisons newspaper would continue publishing every week for nearly 35 years, only ending when the 13th Amendment was ratified and slavery was permanently ended after the end of the Civil War. Supports Slave Rebellion In 1831 Garrison was accused, by Southern newspapers, of involvement in the slave rebellion of Nat Turner. He had nothing to do with it. And, in fact, it is unlikely that Turner had any involvement with anyone outside his immediate circle of acquaintances in rural Virginia. Yet when the story of the rebellion spread in northern newspapers, Garrison wrote editorials for The Liberator praising the outbreak of violence. Garrisons praise of Turner and his followers brought him attention. And a  grand jury in North Carolina issued a warrant for his arrest. The charge was seditious libel, and a Raleigh newspaper noted that the penalty was whipping and imprisonment for the first offense, and death without benefit of clergy for a second offense. Sparks Controversy The writings of Garrison were so provocative that abolitionists dare not travel into the South. In an attempt to circumvent that obstacle, the American Anti-Slavery Society undertook its pamphlet campaign in 1835. Dispatching human representatives of the cause would simply be too dangerous, so antislavery printed material was mailed into the South, where it was often intercepted and burned in public bonfires. Even in the North, Garrison was not always safe. In 1835, a British abolitionist visited America and intended to speak with Garrison at an antislavery meeting in Boston. Handbills were circulated that advocated mob action against the meeting. A mob assembled to break up the meeting, and as newspaper articles in late October 1835 described it, Garrison tried to escape. He was captured by the mob and was paraded through Boston streets with a rope around his neck. The mayor of Boston finally got the mob to disperse, and Garrison was unharmed. Garrison had been instrumental in leading the American Anti-Slavery Society, but his inflexible positions eventually led to a split in the group. Conflict With Frederick Douglas His positions even brought him into conflict at times with Frederick Douglass, a former slave and leading antislavery crusader. Douglass, to avoid legal problems and the possibility that he could be arrested and brought back to Maryland as a slave, eventually paid his former owner for his freedom. Garrisons position was that buying ones own freedom was wrong, as it essentially verified the concept that slavery itself was legal. For Douglass, a black man in constant peril of being returned to bondage, that type of thinking was simply impractical. Garrison, however, was intractable. The fact that slavery was protected under the U.S. Constitution outraged Garrison to the point that he once burned a copy of the Constitution at a public meeting. Among the purists in the abolition movement, Garrisons gesture was seen as a valid protest. But to many Americans, it only made Garrison appear to be operating on the outer fringe of politics. The purist attitude always held by Garrison was to advocate resisting slavery, but not by use of political systems that acknowledged its legality. Later Years and Death As the conflict over slavery became the central political issue of the 1850s, thanks to the Compromise of 1850, the Fugitive Slave Act, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and a variety of other controversies, Garrison continued to speak out against slavery. But his views were still considered out of the mainstream, and Garrison continued to rail against the federal government for accepting the legality of slavery. However, once the Civil War began, Garrison became a supporter of the Union cause. When the war had ended and the 13th Amendment legally established the end of American slavery, Garrison ended publication of The Liberator, feeling that the struggle had ended. In 1866 Garrison retired from public life, though he would occasionally write articles which advocated equal rights for blacks and women. He died on May 24, 1879. Legacy Garrisons views during his own lifetime were commonly considered extremely radical and he was often subjected to death threats. At one point he served 44 days in jail after being sued for libel, and he was often suspected of participating in various plots considered to be crimes at the time. Garrisons outspoken crusade against slavery led him to denounce the United States Constitution as an illegitimate document, as it institutionalized slavery in its original form. Garrison once sparked controversy by publicly burning a copy of the Constitution. It can be argued that Garrisons uncompromising positions and extreme rhetoric did little to advance the antislavery cause. However, Garrisons writings and speeches publicized the abolitionist cause and were a factor in making the antislavery crusade more prominent in American life. Sources â€Å"Tidbits About William Lloyd Garrison His Statue on the Commonwealth Avenue Mall.†Ã‚  BostonZest.â€Å"William L. Garrison.†Ã‚  Battle of Lake Erie - Ohio History Central.Goodison, Donna, and Donna Goodison. â€Å"African-American Museum Honors Two Living Legends.†Ã‚  Boston Herald, Boston Herald, 17 Nov. 2018.

12 Crucial Tips to Protect Yourself from Cyberstalking

If the idea of cyberstalking scares you, thats good. That discomfort is a reminder that you need to be alert and aware on the internet. Staying vigilant offline is important too. Your cell phone, Blackberry, your home call display -- all of these things can be manipulated by technology. Awareness is one step; action is another. Here are 12 tips that can prevent you from becoming a victim of cyberstalking. They may take a few hours to implement, but the payoff is protection from the hundreds of hours it takes to undo the damage of a cyberstalker. The 12 Tips Never reveal your home address. This rule is especially important for women who are business professionals and very visible. You can use your work address or rent a private mailbox. Just dont have your home address readily available.Password protect all accounts including cell phones, land lines, e-mails, banking and credit cards with a secure password that would be difficult for anyone to guess. Change it every year. Your secret questions should not be easily answered either. Former VP candidate Sarah Palins secret reminder questions were so easy to answer that a cyberstalker was easily able to gain access to her email accounts.Conduct an internet search using your name and phone number.  Be sure that there is nothing out there that you are not aware of. A cyberstalker may have created a craigslist account, web page or blog about you. Only you can stay on top of how your name is being used online.Be suspicious of any incoming emails, telephone calls or texts that ask you for your identifying information. The Caller ID Spoof can mimic your banks caller ID. It is very easy for a cyberstalker posing as a banking representative, utility, credit card representative or your cell phone provider to obtain your personal private information. If you are suspicious,  hang up and call the institution directly to be sure that you were not a target of a cyberstalker.Never give out your Social Security Number unless you are absolutely sure of who is asking for it and why. With your social as they call it in the business, a cyberstalker now has access to every part of your life.Utilize stat counters or other free registry counters that will record all incoming traffic to your blogs and websites. With a stat counter, you can identify who is viewing your site or blog easily because the registry records the IP address, date, time, city, state, and internet service provider. It is useful for marketing and it also provides a very valuable safeguard in the event that your websit e or blog is targeted.Check your credit report status regularly, especially if youre a business professional or individual who is in the public eye. Do this at least two times per year, especially if you feel that you may have a reason to be concerned. You can request a free copy of your credit once a year directly from the credit bureaus. It is worth the additional cost to pay for it the second time. Go directly to each bureau; you will not damage your credit rating if you obtain a copy directly from the bureaus. Avoid paying third parties to obtain copies of the report because often the third parties charge more than what the credit bureaus charge and youll end up on another mailing list.If you are leaving a partner, spouse or boyfriend or girlfriend – especially if they are abusive, troubled, angry or difficult – reset every single password on all of your accounts to something they cannot guess. Inform your bank and credit companies that this person is not allowed t o make any changes to your accounts no matter what the reason. Even if you are reasonably certain that your former partner is okay, this is a good practice for moving forward on your own. It is also a good idea to get a new cell phone and credit card that the ex doesnt know about. Make these changes before you leave if you can.If you encounter something suspicious – a weird phone call or an emptied account that cant be explained by your bank – it could be a cyberstalker so act accordingly. Change all your accounts, and ideally change banks. Check your credit report. Note anything else that appears strange. If you have more than one or two strange incidents per month, its possible you are a target.If you think youre a target, have your PC checked by a professional. If you are already experiencing cyberstalking incidents, your computer may already be compromised. Have someone in the know check it for spyware and other viruses.If you think you have a cyberstalker, move fa st. Lots of people dont take action because they think theyre crazy or imagining things. Record incidents – time, place, event. Victims of repeated attacks tend to become paralyzed with fear. Meanwhile, cyberstalkers often get such a rush off the first attack that it encourages them to keep going. The faster you take action and block their ability to hurt or harass you, the sooner they lose interest in their project.Get lots of emotional support to handle the cyberstalking period and to deal with the aftermath. It is normal to feel high levels of distrust and paranoia after a cyberstalking encounter. A lot of people will not want to deal with someone with a cyberstalker; it puts them at risk. You may feel isolated and alone. The best thing I did was learn to keep reaching out until I found the brave people who helped me put my life back together. Having support was what got me through but I had to fight for every bit of it. It may seem  backward  that we cant do more to protect ourselves from cyberstalkers. Lawmakers in the US need to grasp the urgency of the situation and pick up the pace if were ever going fight cybercrime with real legislative tools. While we work toward getting laws caught up with the speed of technology, for now, you are a pioneer. Like the Wild West, it’s every man, woman, and  child for themselves when it comes to cyberstalking. So take care of yourselves out there.

Neuroscience of personality Free Essays

This paper will deal with the question of whether or not neurosciences and neuroanalyses would provide scientists and researchers with a clue about one’s personality, and why one does the things that he does. Can neuroscience provide an answer to how psychological capacities develop and function in the social world? The paper will also talk about the fact that the nervous system of the human being is confirmed in one’s personality, and that today, it is possible to tackle personality as a scientifically backed concept, rather than as a philosophical mystery that nobody can really comprehend. Neuroscience of personality Most scientists and psychologists alike feel that personality, and the study of human personality and behaviors occupies a strange and lowly position among the annals of human psychology, despite the fact that the topic of ‘personality’ and ‘traits’ crops up quite often during the course of even a normal conversation between two adults. We will write a custom essay sample on Neuroscience of personality or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a matter of fact, the study of personality changes even induces disdain among some individuals, perhaps because of the extremely subjective nature of the subject, and also because of the historical tendency to describe the structure of personality rather than the intrinsic nature of personality. However, with the development of neuroscience over the years, it may possible at last for the study of personality to undergo a ‘scientific makeover’, and to study the human brain through imaging, in the hope that the molecular genetics causing variations in human neuro-transmission would be able t provide an idea into the most pressing questions that exist today on human personality.   (Pickering D Alan, Gray A Jeffrey (1990) The question here is whether or not neuroscience would be able to provide the answer to the critical issue of the manner in which a typical human personality develops and functions in the social world. Caspi, Berr and Elder (1989) provide important research on the relationship that exists between personality and socio economic conditions, and one interesting example was the personality changes observed in people who happened to grow up during the years of the Great Depression. Most of these people exhibited a tendency to temper and great anger, aggression, short temperedness and so on, and further research revealed the astonishing fact that economic outcomes during one’s childhood would influence one’s personality through the years, and one would show ill temper if one had been economically deprived during one’s childhood. This would also influence their occupational status as they matured, and it was found that those individuals from higher class households would in all probability enjoy a higher occupational status when they were adults, while those who grew up in a deprived atmosphere would display a lower occupational tendency when they were older. Recent research has revealed the fact that within a social situation, a human being will at first interpret the situation, before he responds to it, and this in itself would explain the ways in which his psychological capacities develop and function in the social world, rather than a study of the anatomy of the brain as in neuroscience. The importance of a particular social situation may differ from one individual to another, and it is important to remember that many situations do not have a fixed meaning; the meaning would depend on the person within the context. Take for example a situation in which a person tells jokes: while it may be fun for one person, it may be an anxiety provoking situation for another, while for another; it may be some sort of competition. Those personality theorists who work within a psychoanalytic, behavioral, and trait-theory context may find that they are able to successful identify certain principles of personality functioning that would transcend the social circumstances in which the individual finds himself, in much the same way that a biologist may make an attempt to identify the basic principles of human anatomy and physiology that would transcend social circumstances. (Pervin, Cervone and Oliver (n.d.) Katherine Kalliel states that in their book ‘Neurodynamics of Personality’, authors Grigsby and Stevens discuss the commonality to be found between personality development and neurosciences and neurodynamics, and she also states that the authors offer the opinion that â€Å"personality reflects the emergent properties of a dynamic, hierarchically ordered, modular, distributed, self-organizing functional system, the primary objective of which is the successful adaptation of the individual to his or her physical and social environment†. (Kalliel, M Katherine Ed.D (2000) This would bring one back to the question, â€Å"Can there be neuroscience in personality?† The answer, in all probability, appears to be ‘Yes’ in today’s situation and given today’s modern research and growing interest in the subject. In my own family, this may well manifest itself in my behavior at times of stress. While it is wide knowledge that stress would cause numerous health problems in an individual, like for example, elevated blood pressure and a suppression of the immune system, it is with the help of neurosciences that this aspect of human behavior has been analyzed, and a solution found. Today, when I feel my stress coming on and increasing because of a particular situation, and I am able to feel my personality changing as a result, I can believe that neuroscience has helped me cope with a situation over which I may have no control, but for the knowledge that it is my own behavior that is elevating the stress levels in my body, and that it is I who must learn to control it successfully. (Navasaria, Neha (1998) This in effect is what neuroscience has been able to achieve, in its research on human personality and on personality changes. References 1.Pickering D Alan, Gray A Jeffrey (1990) Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research Google Book Search Retrieved on January 14, 2008 http://books.google.com/books?id=2s_c4uMgM-YCpg=PA277lpg=PA277dq=neuroscience+of+personalitysource=webots=q8kc8JFVgOsig=tsuXQ7TNbkq9_yJKRnWC5M5vSjM 2. Pervin, Cervone and Oliver (n.d.) Theories of Personality Retrieved on January 14, 2008 3. Kalliel, M Katherine Ed.D (2000) Neurodynamics of Personality American Psychiatric Foundation Retrieved on January 14, 2008 http://www.psychservices.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/52/6/847 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Navasaria, Neha (1998) The Understanding of Behavior and the Brain Serendip Retrieved on January 14, 2008 http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro98/202s98-paper1/Navasaria.html How to cite Neuroscience of personality, Essay examples

Hamlet Act free essay sample

At father first, Hamlet’s trusting friend Horatio is wary about the truth of a ghost appearing but to his horror to the truth is apparent through the change of his tone. â€Å"It harrows me with fear and wonder† (Page 5). Horatio and Marcellus debacle about the figure concluding it may be the late King Hamlet, ruler of Demark. The ghost itself is a motif that foreshadows trouble for Denmark. The confronting image of the ghost was shocking to the audience as it was believed within the Elizabethan era to be consequential. Marcellus and Horatio discuss the events of Denmark’s preparation for war as a result of invasion by Fortinbras of Norway. It was said to be that King Hamlet killed Fortinbras’ father attaining land that Fortinbras now desires to retrieve. The natural order was disrupted with King Hamlet’s sudden death impacting the Danish society that was evident in the Elizabethan era. It was important to have a structured society and have a strict hierarchy of class whom Shakespeare had incorporated into his paly. Act 1, Scene 2, introduces the prominent character Hamlet and the flaws of his troublesome family. The scene begins with Claudius – brother of King Hamlet – addressing the grief of Denmark with the sudden death followed by his marriage to Gertrude – King Hamlet’s wife. â€Å"Therefore our sometime sister, now our queen† (Page 15) was outrageous towards the audience as the Elizabethan society could not condone to incest behaviour. â€Å"With mirth in funeral and with dirge in marriage† (Page 15) contradicts Claudius through the oxymoron where his anguish appears false. However, Hamlet’s grief and misery is manifest and apparent to others. The metaphor, â€Å"How is it that the clouds still hang on you? , (Page 19) spoken by Claudius expresses Hamlet’s immense grief. Hamlet suggests to continue his study in Wittenberg, however, his mother, Gertrude and surprisingly Claudius urge him to remain together. Although, Claudius does not pledge for Hamlet to stay out of love but political motivation fearing the popular prince will be a reminder of Denmark’s unfortunate loss. Hamlet’s soliloquy portrays his inner depression causing his contemplation of death. This soliloquy questioned the unthinkable wishing bitterly that God had not made suicide as sin. The Elizabethan period was against this criminal act shocked with Hamlet’s quires about the reason of life. â€Å"’tis an unweeded garden† (Page 23) continues to illustrate Hamlet’s depression through a metaphor of seeing the worst in everything. King Hamlet had an important influence over his son being compared to as â€Å"Hyperion†, (Page 23) a sun god through mythological allusion. To the contrary, Gertrude, is compared as â€Å"Like Niobe† who should have mounded but wedded instead reconciling with Hamlet’s feelings of betrayal. Hamlet’s virtue and gentleness is displayed with his kindness to others who are beneath him. Horatio and Marcellus enter explaining to Hamlet the events that have unfolded where he has faith that it is true. The deception, betrayal and covered truth among these characters demonstrates a dysfunctional family and unstable monarchy. Act 1, Scene 3, discovers a sub plot within the play of a family who have a diverse influence and impact within the play Hamlet. Before leaving on his travels, Laertes sincerely cares for his younger sister, Ophelia, by giving a warning of her compassionate feelings towards Hamlet. â€Å"A violet in the youth of primy nature,/Forward, not permanent, sweet, not lasting† (Page 31). Through comparison, Laertes expresses that Hamlet is merely exploring his youth driven by his developing hormones and fears that Ophelia will be overcome when he causes her misfortune. Within a monarchy and as within Elizabethan society, royalty are forbidden to freely choose who they wish to be wedded to. Similarly, Hamlet of royal and noble blood will first have to consider what is beneficial and constructive for the state rather than himself. Laertes is considered a ‘foil’ of Hamlet as they both continue to contrast each other emphasising distinct characteristics of another character. Within this scene, the reoccurring motif of family advising each other is apparent when Polonius instructs both Laertes and Ophelia to behave in certain ways. Polonius demands Ophelia to abandon her relationship with Hamlet, using a simile, â€Å"like a green girl† (Page 37) to validate her foolishness. Ophelia, as any woman in the Elizabethan society abides to her father’s wishers, â€Å"I shall obey, my lord† (Page 37). Within Act 1, Scene 4, Hamlet is confronted with his desperate emotions of consulting the ghost choosing to follow him to the forest. The air bites shrewdly, it is very cold† (Page 39) creates imagery of the scenery which Hamlet, Horatio and Marcellus are enduring to encounter the ghost. Their preparation for the supernatural is driven into conversation with the sound of trumpets signally Claudius’ celebrations demonstrating Hamlet’s thoughts of his uncle as hateful and intolerable. Hamlet expresses himself about the traditio ns of the Danish not being accustomed or agreeing to it. He further discusses human nature and the tragic flaw of humans when ironically the ghost appears. The ghost beckons for Hamlet to follow him as he debacles whether it is truly his father. Marcellus concluding with a metaphor, â€Å"Something is rotten in the state of Denmark† (Page 43) validates the ghost’s intentions are negative as feared in Elizabethan society. Act 1 Scene 5, the ghost commands Hamlet to revenge revealing the secret of the King’s unnatural death. The Catholic religion states that purgatory is a temporary place that is reached for those who have not been condemned for past sins and need to be cleansed before continuing. Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder† (Page 45). The ghost pressures Hamlet to acknowledge that Claudius killed his father and he is to avenge him. The King’s spirit explains to him that as he slept in his garden, a villain poured poison into his ear and states that Claudius has corrupted both Denmark and Gertrude, seducing her by lust. â€Å"Leave her to heaven† (Page 49). The King’s spirit instructs Hamlet to allow fate to punish his mother for all her faults and mistakes that will remain within her conscious. â€Å"O villain, villain, smiling damned villain! (Page 51). Hamlet detests Claudius’ behaviour of containing no sympathy and sadness. Horatio and Marcellus enter and swear on Hamlet’s sword that they will remain silent about what has happened. Hamlet’s plot is uncovered where he will pretend he is a madman. Act 1 of Hamlet is the first step of a revenge tragedy – the exposition stage. The plot was effectively outlined and established for the audience where the secrets and mysteries of different characters within Hamlet are identified leading to Hamlet’s road of revenge.

Communism East Europe Essays (5874 words) - Communism, Eastern Bloc

Communism East Europe annon Communism is like Prohibition - its a good idea but it wont work (Will Rogers, 1927) (1) This essay will give a brief introduction to communism. It will then discuss the various factors which combined to bring about the collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe. It will examine each of these factors and evaluate the effect of each. Finally it will attempt to assertain whether Rogers opinion (see above quotation) on Communism is true, that is, whether communism was truly doomed to fail from the start, or whether its collapse was a result of external influences. Communism is based on the ideas and teachings of Karl Marx as modified by Lenin. At its most basic, the ideal of communism is a system in which everyone is seen as equal and wealth is distributed equally among the people. There is no private ownership. The state owns and controls all enterprises and property. The state is run by one leading elite. The Soviet model of communism was based on these ideals. All opposition parties were banned although parties who were sympathetic to communism and who shared the communist ideals were allowed. All power was concentrated into the hands of the Communist party. Free press and civil liberties were suppressed. Censorship and propaganda were widely used. There was state ownership of the economy. No private enterprise was allowed. There was a collectivisation of agriculture. The Communist Party invaded and controlled every aspect of political, social, cultural and economic life. It was a totalitarian state with complete Communist control over all facets of life. In the early years, and up until Gorbachevs new regime, the use of force and terror as a means of maintaining control was widespread. The first factor which contributed to the failure and eventual collapse of communism was the fact that the Communist partys domination was illegitimate from the beginning. Lenin came to power after a bloody Civil War between those who supported Lenin and those who opposed the Soviet regime. To Lenin, defeat was unthinkable and he was prepared to make any and every sacrifice to win the war and save the revolution. The forcible requisitioning of food and supplies was approved by Lenin. This could only be achieved by enforcing strict and absolute discipline at every level of society. Terror was to become the chief instrument of power and Lenin was to assume the role of dictator. This was a phenomenon which was to become a symbol of communist regimes throughout their lifetime. This trend was followed when Stalin came to power as leader of the Communist party and the Russian government in 1929. (2) He had achieved this through plotting and trickery and by shifting alliances. This had begun in 1924 when Stalin systematically began to remove all opposition to his claim to power. His main rival was Trotsky and he used a number of underhand measures to discredit him. For example Stalin lied to Trotsky about the date of Lenins funeral, thus ensuring that Trotsky could not attend and thereby blackening his name in the public eye. This Stalin versus Trotsky conflict led to Trotsky being eventually exiled from Russia and, ten years later in 1940, being assassinated by one of Stalins agents. (3) Under Stalin any opposition was swiftly and brutally crushed. In no Eastern European country did the revolution have the support of more than a minority of people, yet this minority retained absolute control. The communist take-over and subsequent regime was achieved by undemocratic methods, that is, rigged elections, terror, totalitarian state, harassment and threats. In 1932 a two-hundred page document by a fellow member of the Politburo condemning the Stalinist regime and calling for change was published. (4) In response to this Stalin wreaked a terrible revenge. In 1936 Stalin began what became known as the purges whose function it was to try members of the communist party who had acted treasonously. (5) The result of these was that five thousand party members were arrested and stripped of their membership. The sixteen defendants in the three Showtrials of 1936, 1937 and 1938 were found guilty and executed. In 1939 those who had conducted the purges were also executed. By 1939 the only member of Lenins original Politburo who remained, was Stalin himself. (6) In relation to foreign policy, Stalin exerted his influence to ensure that all Eastern European countries (except Yugoslavia) had Soviet-imposed puppet regimes. Stalins domination was now total. After the war Stalin succeeded in establishing a communist buffer zone between Russia and Western Europe. Any resistance he met in establishing communist states was quickly suppressed by

Dont Be Vexed by Vexillology

Dont Be Vexed by Vexillology Dont Be Vexed by Vexillology Dont Be Vexed by Vexillology By Maeve Maddox There is historical proof that Jeanne dArc had three ensigns Two were for military use: her Battle Standard, which was large in size and her Pennon which was small. The third was a religious banner made for the priests and men of the army to assemble around for morning and evening prayers. This excerpt contains four synonyms for flag: ensign, standard, pennon, and banner. English has many others. In modern usage, an ensign is a countrys official national symbol, used to identify ships, airplanes, and official installations like military camps and embassies. This is the flag flown on patriotic occasions. A pennon was a small flag, attached to a knights lance for identification. It was long, like a streamer, and usually triangular or swallow-tailed. A standard was larger and was fixed to a pole that could be stuck in the ground. The word banner is often used for its emotional connotations, as in the U.S. national anthem: O say, does that star-spangled banner yet wave Oer the land of the free and the home of the brave. In US usage, the flag is called an ensign when it is displayed on a vessel, the colors when carried by someone on foot, and a standard when displayed on a car or an aircraft, and by the cavalry. Websters thesaurus gives the following flag synonyms, most of them not much used: banderole, banner, bannerol, burgee, color, ensign, gonfalon, gonfanon, jack, oriflamme, pendant, pennant, pennon, standard, streamer A jack is the identifying flag flown on a ship. The Union Jack is the familiar British flag. When flown on land, it is properly called simply the Union. (See Wikipedia article for a differing view on the use of Union Flag. The U.S. naval jack is the canton (the blue part with the stars) of the national ensign. NOTE: The Union Jack began as the canton of a larger flag. A burgee is a triangular pennant flown by members of yacht clubs. You can see a picture of one in the Wikipedia article on maritime flags. The word oriflamme is familiar to readers of medieval history and romance. It was the sacred banner of the French kings, first mentioned in 1124. In England, people turn out for the trooping of the colour, a patriotic parade held in June to celebrate the Queens birthday. U.S. military personnel on active service salute the colors twice a day: in the morning as the ensign is raised, and at sunset when it is lowered. In his unpleasant poem, Ethiopia Saluting the Colors, Walt Whitman uses a word not in Websters list, guidon, to refer to the cavalry flags carried by Shermans soldiers on their march to the sea. The study of flags is called vexillology. The word comes from vexillum, Latin for flag. You can find all sorts of fascinating vexillological information on the Flags of the World site. For rules and regulations surrounding the U.S. flag, and some interesting violations thereof, visit the Betsy Ross flag site. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:15 Terms for Those Who Tell the FutureLatin Plural Endings20 Tips to Improve your Writing Productivity

Multiple questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Multiple questions - Essay Example I discovered later that the battery was an Eveready rechargeable and I don’t have a battery charger at home. If only I have read the book before the incident, I could be more specific and relate well with the store owner. 2. Just last month I visited a very close friend who is also our neighbor. I bought a pizza and I invited her family to share with the food. When we opened the pizza box all were happy except my friend. She told me that she was happy and fine but her facial expression showed she’s disgusted. She went upstairs and later reappeared. Later on, I learned from her mother that she doesn’t eat veggies like mushrooms, green peppers and red onions, and she has an allergy towards black olives. I also learned that she told her to go downstairs. Nevertheless we altogether enjoyed the time. I should have been more alert; when she looked disgusted it only means one thing–she doesn’t like it. Indeed, it pays to be more conscious and aware. In the future, I will know first persons whom I will have an interpersonal relationship with. 3. Since I am an African-American, I carry a remnant of African cultural heritage. Although the influence of America is great these days, I still think like an African, talk like an African-American and I value our kind of music, behaviors and even tradition. I still value our extended families. Of course, since I also carry an American cultural lineage, I also cherish things like the Hollywood. Ultimately, my preferences have shaped the kind of culture I’m living with. Culture is important in interpersonal communication since it can effectively send the message across without barriers. More significant is to know the culture of the person we’re interacting with to attain a resolution and understanding. Since we had a bitter history of racial discrimination, I have been very assertive with my rights and our equal privileges with the Whites. Sometimes, I get unconsciously aggressive to defend

Whatever you see fits Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Whatever you see fits - Essay Example The significance of the Electoral College is imminent in the elections but it is control by the power of the voter. The popular vote on the other hand does not affect the outcome of the presidential elections whatsoever. A presidential candidate may gunner the highest popular vote but trail in the electoral votes; this means they do not have success in the whole election process (Sabato, 34). The popular vote may only be used to examine if or not the United States citizens feel content with the outcome of a particular election. According to Chang the popular vote only has significance in the states where it determines the direction of the electoral votes (122). The Romney Ryan campaign will remain as one of the most strategic and expensive campaign the republicans have ever conducted. This particular campaign clinched the obvious republican states satisfactorily. The campaign failed when it came to the voting in the swing states. Ever presidential candidate has the ability of clinching all the electoral votes in the swing states if they use the correct strategy. In the Romney Ryan campaign the difference was made by the opinion of the republicans on social policies like gay marriages, abortion and issue regarding to women. The democrats won the people’s votes by being sensitive on these issues. If the Romney Ryan campaign was sensitive to these issues, the victory would be theirs for the taking. The Obama Biden campaign on the other hand won because it focused more on populous regions across the nation. Additionally, the campaign focused on satisfying the needs of the minority. The campaign was sensitive to the Hispanics, women and gay couples. This played a major role in ensuring the campaign clinched the majority of the votes in the swing states. With the obvious democrats’ states already in the bag, this move ensured the democrats remained superior also in the swing states.

Altruism

Altruism Altruism occurs when one individual, while helping others, selflessly incurs a danger to themselves decreasing their chances of survival Sherman (1977). Two theories develop from altruism, kin selection theory and the theory of reciprocal altruism. Kin selection theory of altruism argues that altruism was developed to increase the survival of relatives Hamilton (1964) and that acts of altruism should be directed towards family rather than non-relatives. (Trivers, 1971; Cosmides Tooby 1992) argued that the theory of reciprocal altruism is infact long-term cooperation and the assistance that is given at the time will be reciprocated another time in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to remember who has helped them before and not offer any assistance to those who have failed to reciprocate. For this theory to be successful it also requires a somewhat stable group as short term, migrating members may not be able to upkeep the promise to perform the required act at a later date. The theories of kin selection and reciprocity, although seemingly different are not incompatible. Sadly, altruism does not always happen. Environmental factors play a very large part in whether an individual will engage in acts of altruism. Socialization, modelling and reinforcement play a key role in promoting pro-social behaviour and attitudes Eisenberg Mussen (1989); Janoski et al. (1998). When children are exposed to models of kindness and helping, be it from television or from others around them, they are more likely to put the welfare of humans and other animals above their own Sprafkin et al (1975). Television programmes that show these acts influence a strong positive effect on the viewers pro-social behaviour Hearold (1986). The norm of reciprocity and the norm of social responsibility are especially relevant to helping behaviour (De Creamer van Lange, 2001; Miller at al., 1990). The norm of reciprocity that we should return the favour when someone treats you kindly and the norm of social responsibility expects that we should help others and contribute to societys welfare. When we live by these norms we are reinforced with praise and when we do not we feel guilt and receive disapproval. In society we also notice when others receive praise for adhering to these norms. As humans get older, pro social norms, morals and values are internalized and form strong self reinforcements like pride and satisfaction to maintain pro-social behaviour even when positive reinforcement is not available. Studies by Eisenberg Valiente (2002) confirm that socialization matters as children are more likely to act pro-socially when raised by parents who have high moral standard and are warm and supportive encouraging their chi ldren to feel empathy and to â€Å"put themselves in other peoples shoes† (Janssens Dekovic, 1997; Krevans Gibbs, 1996). Beliefs about why and when to help have cross cultural differences such as the study done by Miller (1990) who found that Hindu children and adults in India have the belief that one has a moral obligation to help friends or strangers no matter if the situation is mild or serious. When compared to the Indias Hindus way of thinking, American children and adults differ in their view and feel less obligated to help and regard as more of a choice Eckensberger Zimba (1997). Most pro social acts are done with the expectation of a reward of self reinforcement or a form of reciprocity but humans are capable of committing a selfless act of aiding someone without concern for ones wellbeing, an act of altruism. C. Daniel Batsons empathy altruism hypothesis suggests that altruism does exist and is caused by empathy which is the ability to put oneself in the place of another and to share the emotions being felt by that person (Batson, 1991; Batson et al., 2002). In an experiment conducted by Batson et al (1981) female students empathy for another female who was an accomplice to the experiment was increased and decreased by leading them to identify and believe that her values were similar and dissimilar to their own. The experiment is consistent with the empathy altruism hypothesis showing that high empathy participants were most likely to voluntarily change places but is it people reacting out of pure virtue of empathy or is it to avoid the guilt that may plag ue them for not interfering. The negative state relief model suggests that high empathy cause us to feel distress when we learn of others suffering and by helping them relieve their own stress it reduces their personal stress making their actions non altruistic (Cialdini et al., 1997). The term â€Å"safety in numbers† doesnt translate well in emergencies and help the victim as the more people present encourages each person not to help because of social comparison or diffusion of responsibility and is more likely to occur when the bystanders are strangers and not kin or friends of the victim Latanà © Rodin (1969). Factors that explain why people may be helpful in some situations but not others. We are more likely to help when we are in a good mood (Salovey et al., 1991). Pre-exisiting guilt when were feeling guilty about something weve recently done increases helping Regan et al (1972). Even though feeling guilt and being helpful are two different actions guilt helps increase our likelihood of assisting others. Also when there is a model to follow such as someone helping a motorist or giving blood, this act increases social behaviour (Sarason et al., 1991). When we are not under pressure, have extra time and not in a hurry we help more. Factors that show why some people may receive help more than others: Similarity A person is more likely to help and identify with the victims situation when the victim things similar to them such as dress, attitudes and nationality (Dovidio, 1984). Gender Women and men are equally likely to be helped by female bystanders but women are more likely to receive help more than men when aid is from a male bystander (Eagly Crowley, 1986). Perceived Responsibility When someone is in need of help and their situation is viewed as something caused by factors beyond their control, they are more likely to receive help such as people who have been affected by a natural disaster versus homeless people who are perceived to be unwilling to work (Blader Tyler, 2002; Weiner, 1996). Lerner (1980)s just world hypothesis suggests that people believe that the world is a just place and the rule of karma prevails. They perceive that people get what they deserve and deserve what they get. These beliefs have the effect on some to conclude that persons who have misfortunes such as being raped or contracting AIDS deserve their fate (Ford et al., 1998; Wyer et al., 1985) thereby justifying why they shouldnt help the individual as there is no responsibility to help. A way to increase Pro-social Behaviour is through â€Å"mandatory volunteerism† which is used in the academic and corporate world. Participants increased volunteerism in later life from these acts are not consistent as seen in research done by (Janoski et al., 1998;Stukas, 1999). Their research show that the outcome depends on personal rewards that the volunteers will receive and the awareness of human needs. A second approach which is consistent to the social learning theory is the exposure of pro social models to people. This is used to promote blood drives and increase donations (Sarason et al., 1991). When feelings of empathy are established and people are properly socialized will increase the chances of those people helping others Eisenberg (2000) as well as those who feel a close connection to their communities will feel socially responsible to help others Clark, M (1978). If society is educated and exposed to helping models and information, bystander intervention may be decreased and the tendency to help others in an emergency, increased Beaman, A.L. et al (1978).

Drama assignment Essay

Hale is one of the most important characters in The Crucible. All of the characters contribute to the problems in Salem to some extent. But Hale is the catalyst to the hysteria beginning and it is how is awareness of this increases through the play that causes the major changes we see in his character.  Hale himself, as we are told by miller, â€Å"†¦nearing forty, a tight skinned eager eyed intellectual.† He feels great pride at being asked to come and identify the signs of witchcraft and sees it as a compliment to his experience in his chosen field. Unlike the other characters his experience gives him no reason to jump to the immediate conclusion of the involvement of the devil. Because of this he is perhaps the most common sense of the officials in Salem. Hales entrance in act 1 creates a big change in the direction of the scene, but it is important to remember he is unaware of this. How miller uses Hales entrances effectively is that he calms down the situation between Giles and Putnam when they cease their argument at his arrival but eventually he will excite the scene even more with his powerful redemption of Tituba and Abigail.  After his initial entrance in act 1 Hales attitude is reasonably light hearted as he greets the other characters, he refers to the devil in an of hand way as â€Å"the old boy†. Yet he still treats the situation in all seriousness as he listens to the Putnams talking about their daughters ailment, picking up clues from what people say. When Hale is investigating the supernatural, leafing through his books, asking questions and listening to the other characters etc, it should be shown that he does not treat this as a chore or just his job, but that he is genuinely interested and eager, his investigations are what drives him.  His attitudes to the other characters in the early part of act 1 are interest in meeting people he has heard of, and his respect for the more â€Å"†¦distinguished company.† who are there. His use of the phrase shows a wish to make a good impression with those who are higher in the village, but his interest in meeting Rebecca Nurse and talking to Giles shows that he is in no way biased to position. As we enter the increasingly hysterical ending to this act, Hales role in causing this is obvious. His quickening questioning of her is perhaps caused by his anger at her apparent lack of concern for Bettys condition and her attempts to evade answering his questions. † (grasping Abigail): abigail it may be your cousin is dying. Did you call the devil last night? † â€Å"you cannot evade me, Abigail.†Ã‚  Hale is excited at the end of act 1 because he believes he has got to the root of the problem when Tituba and Abigail â€Å"redeem† themselves and pass the blame to Good and Osburn. Because of this both hale and Parris see the problem as ending not beginning. Hale has obviously seen the situation last a lot longer than he expected when he enters in act 2. â€Å"he is different now- drawn a little, and there is a quality of deference, even of guilt, about his manner now.† This shows us the beginning of his realisation of the consequences of the accusations that he has caused to be made.  This is the second time Hales entrance changes the course of events in both this act and for the rest of the play without him knowing it, his entrance has stopped John Proctor from leaving just when he had built himself up to confront Abigail to stop the accusations, so he makes things worse again, but still unintentionally. His attitudes to the Proctors in this act are mixed. He sees them as good and honest people, but knows that there is evidence that would say otherwise even if none of its serious enough to entirely incriminate them. His nervousness is also caused by him being unsure how to tell them Elizabeth has been accused, without making it sound like he is accusing them himself.  We last see Hale in the final scene of Act Four we see the total change in his opinions to the authority of the court, the guilt of those charged and in his faith. His motivation is now to try and save proctor from his fate. He is confused and wrought because of how his faith has caused so many problems. To conclude, Hale changes most of all the characters, yet like the others he changes in that his main characteristics are strengthened. His honesty and sense of public duty are there throughout the play, how they change is to which end they’re directed. He is initially convinced of the presence and existence of witchcraft, and works vigorously to combat it in the only he knows how. Yet he is the only of the prosecutors who is convinced of the innocence of the accused, he still believes his first duty is the protection of others, but loses his principles to do so at the end. He is more open minded and humane than the others, but the message of the play tells us to reject the position to which he finally comes. He doesn’t reject just the religious fanaticism of the times but rejects religion itself. His attempts to save John Proctor ultimately fail, because in turning his back on the church, he has turned his back on what Elizabeth believes is right, and so his argument is worthless to her.  Perhaps Millers idea in Hale is that where the simple farmer sees the mistake in preferring life over personal integrity the learned Hale does not.

Analysis Of Setting In “The Lottery” Essay

Analysis of Setting in â€Å"The Lottery† Setting, the time, location, and objects in which the events of a literary work occur. This important factor is needed to help the reader familiarize himself with what he is reading. Many writers use setting to â€Å"establish a realistic background, transport us to strange and exotic places, or even to create a certain mood† (Paschal 4). For example, setting as described in â€Å"The Lottery† is a small present day town on a clear and sunny summer day. Shirley Jackson makes this known because it sets the mood in the beginning for the ironic turnaround at the end. With her intent to shock the reader she uses key points the first of such is the time period that the story takes place. Jackson’s story takes place during the beginning of summer right around the time that school is let out for summer recess. Second is the location of the lottery. She has the drawing held in the middle of town, the same place that they hold all of there family events. Third would be the actual black box that they put the ballots in, she uses this as a symbol of tradition. Jackson’s brilliant use of setting ironically shows her intent to instill shock in the minds of her readers. As we study further into the setting of Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† we come to the first key point which is the time period that the story takes place. Jackson states that it is June 27th, which can be associated with the summer solstice, or the longest day of summer. This day has also been known to have ritualistic overtones. The year is left open to give the reader the sense that the story is current. The time is set at around 10:00am and it says that the flowers are blossoming and that the grass is richly green (Paschal 124). This is to give the reader a feeling of serenity as Jackson wants the reader to feel as if this were an ideal town on an ideal day. She sets a time frame for the actual lottery to occur. Since the lottery last approximately two hours it must start at 10:00 so that they can be home in time for noon dinner (Paschal 124). This gives the reader the idea that this event is a common ritual and that they have a set schedule to go by. All of this sets the reader up for the ironic twist at the end of the story. In a sense Jackson uses this ideal town as a camouflage to hide her true intent. The next of Jackson’s key points is the actual location of the lottery. She  sets the lottery in the middle of town between the bank and the post office (website 1). This part of town is know as the Town Square and is the place where they hold most of there family activities (Paschal 124). Since the story is set in broad daylight you can visualize all the families congregating like one would for a local community picnic. It says that the children are breaking in boisterous play and the men are talking about planting and rain, tractors and taxes (website 1). The buildings that Jackson uses are symbolic and put across a strong message. The bank is a symbol of wealth or money, while on the other hand the post office is a symbol of government. One could say that the point being made here is that she uses these symbols in correlation with the lottery to say that whenever money and the government are involved there is corruption. At this point in the story Jackson would have the r eader to believe that a town that appears to be so normal couldn’t commit such an unthinkable action at the towns’ family meeting place in broad daylight. The third and final key point used is the black box. Jackson uses this as a symbol of many things, one being tradition. The box is described as being shabby, splintered, faded and even stained (Paschal 125). This symbol of tradition clearly shows how this society or culture is afraid of change. Not only does the black box symbolize tradition it symbolizes fear. As the box is introduced in the story it changes the mood of the people. Jackson states that as the box is placed on the stool, the villagers kept there distance (Paschal 125). â€Å"The box embodies all of the evil acts executed in the past and the ones to come† (website 2). One would think that if they were so afraid of this box why not make another one or even do away with the ritual completely. Perhaps their fear of change is stronger than their fear of fear itself. To these people the black box holds the key to life and death. Jackson’s use of the black box as a symbol demonstrates shock in that the people o f this society would rather hold on to a greater evil rather than loose a lesser one. As noted above in the analysis of setting in Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† we found that setting can be an important factor in any story because it sets an atmosphere that the reader can use to explain certain events within  a story. For example, in Steven Cranes â€Å"The Bride comes to Yellow Sky† the setting is in what is known as the Wild West. Without the reader knowing this they wouldn’t be able to relate to Scratchy wearing cowboy clothes and shooting his guns in the bar. Another example would be in William Shakespeare’s Macbeth in which Shakespeare uses medieval Europe as the setting. Without knowledge of this you wouldn’t be able to explain why people would kill there own relatives just to gain power, or to even explain why it was common practice to consult a witch for advice. For some that was a common thing for people of Europe in that time period. In essence the appropriate use of setting to illustrate a writer’s i ntent in a story can be an effective way to have ones reader be able to relate to what he is reading. mWebsite 1- Various English Essays: Irony of Setting in â€Å"The Lottery† www.cheathouse.com/restricted/essays/ess1/348.html Website 2- Chuck III’s College Resources â€Å"† Theses & Dissertations â€Å"† lottery www.chuckiii.com/reports/theses_&_ Dissertations/lottery.shtml Paschal, Hugh H. A Formalistic Approach to Freshan Composition. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, 2000

Civil Rights Movement Timeline From 1965 to 1969

This civil rights movement timeline focuses on the struggles final years when some activists embraced black power, and leaders no longer appealed to the federal government to end segregation, thanks to the enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Although the passage of such legislation was a major triumph for civil rights activists, Northern cities continued to suffer from de facto segregation, or segregation that was the result of economic inequality rather than discriminatory laws. De facto segregation was not as easily addressed as the legalized segregation that had existed in the South, and Martin Luther King  Jr. spent the mid-to-late 1960s working on behalf of both black and white Americans living in poverty. African-Americans  in Northern cities became increasingly frustrated with the slow pace of change, and a number of cities experienced riots. Some turned to the black power movement, feeling that it had a better chance of rectifying the sort of discrimination that existed in the North. By the end of the decade, white Americans had moved their attention away from the civil rights movement to the Vietnam War, and the heady days of change and victory experienced by civil rights activists in the early 1960s came to an end with Kings assassination  in 1968. 1965 On Feb. 21, Malcolm X is assassinated in Harlem at the Audubon Ballroom apparently by Nation of Islam  operatives, although other theories abound.On March 7, 600 civil rights activists, including Hosea Williams of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) and John Lewis of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), leave Selma, Ala., traveling eastward on Route 80 toward Montgomery, Ala. They are marching to protest the killing of Jimmy Lee Jackson, an unarmed demonstrator slain during a march the prior month by an Alabama state trooper. State troopers and local police stop the marchers at the Edmund Pettus Bridge, beating them with clubs as well as spraying them with water hoses and tear gas.On March 9, King leads a march to the Pettus bridge, turning the marchers around at the bridge.On March 21, 3,000 marchers leave Selma for Montgomery, completing the march without opposition.On March 25, around 25,000 people join the Selma marchers at the Montgomery city l imits.On Aug. 6, President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act into law, which bans discriminatory voting requirements, like requiring people to complete literacy tests before they registered to vote. White Southerners had used this technique to disenfranchise blacks.On Aug. 11, a riot breaks out in Watts, a section of Los Angeles, after a fight erupts between a white traffic officer and a black man accused of drinking and driving. The officer arrests the man and some of his family members who had arrived at the scene. Rumors of police brutality, however, result in six days of rioting in Watts. Thirty-four people, mostly African Americans, die during the riot. 1966 On Jan. 6, SNCC announces its opposition to the Vietnam War. SNCC members would feel increasing sympathy for the Vietnamese, comparing the indiscriminate bombing of Vietnam to racial violence in the United States.On Jan. 26, King moves into an apartment in a Chicago slum, announcing his intention to start a campaign against discrimination there. This in response to the increasing unrest in Northern cities over prejudice and de facto segregation. His efforts there are ultimately deemed unsuccessful.On June 6, James Meredith embarks on a March Against Fear from Memphis, Tenn., to Jackson, Miss., to encourage black Mississippians to register to vote. Near Hernando, Miss., Meredith is shot. Others take up the march, joined on occasion by King.On June 26, the marchers reach Jackson. During the last days of the march, Stokely Carmichael and other SNCC members clash with King after they encourage the frustrated marchers to embrace the slogan of black power.On Oct. 15, Huey P. Newton and Bob by Seale found the Black Panther Party in Oakland, Calif. They want to create a new political organization to better the conditions of African Americans. Their goals include better employment and educational opportunities as well as improved housing. 1967 On April 4, King makes a speech against the Vietnam War at Riverside Church in New York.On June 12, the Supreme Court hands down a decision in Loving v. Virginia, overturning laws against interracial marriage as unconstitutional.In July, riots break out in Northern cities, including Buffalo, N.Y., Detroit, Mich. and Newark, N.J.On Sept. 1, Thurgood Marshall becomes the first African American appointed to the Supreme Court.On Nov. 7, Cal Stokes is elected mayor of Cleveland, making him the first African American to serve as mayor of a major American city.In November, King announces the Poor Peoples Campaign, a movement to unite the poor and disenfranchised of America, regardless of race or religion. 1968 On April 11,  President Johnson  signs  the Civil Rights Act of 1968  (or the Fair Housing Act) into law, which prohibits discrimination by sellers or renters of property.Exactly a week earlier,  Martin Luther King, Jr., is assassinated  as he stands on the balcony outside his motel room at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tenn. King visited the city to support  African American sanitation workers there whod started a strike on Feb. 11.Between February and May, African American students protest at major universities, including Columbia University and Howard University, demanding changes in faculty, living arrangements, and curriculum.Between May 14 and June 24, over 2500 impoverished Americans set up a camp called Resurrection City in Washington, D.C., under the leadership of the Rev. Ralph Abernathy, who is trying to carry out Kings vision. The protest ends in riots and arrests without the strong leadership of King. 1969 Between April and May, African American students hold protests at universities, including Cornell University and North Carolina A T University in Greensboro, asking for changes such as a Black Studies program and the hiring of African American faculty.On Dec. 4, Fred Hampton, chairman of the  Illinois Black Panther party, is shot and killed by police during a raid. A federal grand jury refutes the polices assertion that they fired upon Hampton only in self-defense, but no one is ever indicted for Hamptons killing.